Papilloma in the neck

Neck papilloma is one of the manifestations of infectious diseases caused by human papillomavirus. Refers to the formation of benign skin.

Causes of papilloma in the neck

There is an etiological reason why papilloma begins to grow in the neck or in other areas of the human body - infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a member of the Papovaviridae family. There are more than 100 serotypes of these pathogenic agents, each responsible for the appearance of a clinical picture of different diseases (papilloma, condyloma, warts - this concept is synonymous, different names are associated with the uniqueness of localization in a particular area).

The main pathways of transmission are household and genital (condyloma of the perianal region). The virus can penetrate the skin only in the presence of micro damage or open wounds, in other cases it can not pass through the skin barrier.

Pathogen information

1. It has a high prevalence rate regardless of gender (however, it appears more frequently in women than men), age or region (according to some reports, 2/3 of the planet is infected with this virus).
2. Contains strand DNA, a twisted ring that can be integrated into the human genome.
3. Infection with some strains is associated with a high risk of carcinogenic, especially in cases of permanent injury. Neck papilloma is caused by a non-oncogenic viral strain.
4. Viruses go through two main stages in the process of division. In the first stage, it is in the episomal (independent) form, and during the same period, the main division of the viral particles occurs. This phase can be reversed (after treatment, long-term remission occurs) In the second stage - integrative, the virus is embedded into the cell genome (the first step towards cell degeneration and the formation of malignant neoplasms). The first stage is temporary and passes quickly, while the second stage is latent and explains the existence of the carrier.
5. The base layer of the epidermis, where the virus replicates, is affected. In the remaining layers, pathogens can survive, but cannot divide. Provided the virus is in the germ layer, as it grows, the normal differentiation of cells in all layers of this area is disrupted, especially at the level of the thorny layer.
6. Has a tendency to carry long-term asymptoms in the body (from a few months to a year). It is very rare to identify the specific moment of infection - this is the reason why treatment begins during the period of intense clinical manifestations, and not at the first vague signs.
7. To prevent infection, bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are used, which are very effective against the most oncogenic strains of 16 and 18.

Predisposing factors

1. Lack of hygiene. Since this virus can maintain important activities in the outdoor environment for a long time, it is necessary to adhere to the rules of personal hygiene carefully when visiting public places (swimming pools, baths, gyms).
2. Traumatic skin injury. So that the virus permeates, microcrats or scratches on the skin (for example, caused by rubbing the neck with a shirt collar) is enough.
3. Impaired immune system function. With a lack of genesis immunity, favorable conditions will arise for the development of infection. For example, the common cold and infectious diseases cause weakening of the immune system and the appearance of papillomas on the skin.
4. Self-infection while scratching the skin.
5. Systematic lifestyle disorders (stress, lack of physical activity, improper diet). These factors affect the work of all metabolic processes in the body and cause a decrease in skin barrier function.
6. Environmental factors influencing decreased body defenses (hypothermia, excessive ultraviolet exposure).

External manifestations of the disease

Cervical papilloma in photo looks like this:

1. Growth most often lies at the base and protrudes far above the surface of the skin. Less commonly, the base of the papilloma is represented by a thin leg (in this case, the formation takes a hanging position). In the second option, the risk of injury is much higher.
2. The boundaries of education are equal and clear.
3. The color is no different from the surrounding skin. In rare cases, it may be slightly pale or darker than the adjacent tissue.
4. The surface is usually flat, smooth. Occasionally growth may occur at the top of the papilloma, which makes the surface striped.
5. The diameter varies - from 1-3 mm to a few centimeters (papillomas with smaller diameters are more common).
6. Location in any neck area (back, front side). Sometimes the face is involved.

As a rule, there are many lesions found along the folds of the skin.

In very rare cases, papillomas in the neck can become malignant, i. e. degenerate into skin tumors. This can occur as a result of infection with oncogenic HPV strains.

Signs that may indicate a malignant transformation are as follows:

• discoloration and heterogeneity (polymorphisms);
• boundary changes (blurred, lost definition);
• the appearance of asymmetry (when drawing a line through the conditional center of the formation, two equal parts cannot be obtained);
• intensive growth;
• bleeding or ulceration (nonspecific symptoms, as this is also a characteristic of moderate injury to the neoplasm);
• itching, burning, flaking;
• dropout is formed (formation of small girls around the center).

The appearance of such symptoms does not necessarily mean deterioration of the papilloma, but it does mean that you need to see a doctor and undergo a differential diagnosis, to find out whether we are discussing cancer or inflamed skin cancer.

How to get rid of papilloma in the neck

Treatment of papilloma in the neck is done only complexly with a simultaneous effect on the pathological focus on the skin and the pathogen itself in the blood.

There are several ways to fight:

Method	Description
Medicine	Using cytostatic, immunomodulators are designed to suppress replication of viral agents in the affected area and reduce its concentration in the blood. Some drugs (keratolytic) are used topically directly to destroy skin growth (burns and causes tissue necrosis).
Physical Methods	Cryodestruction, laser therapy, electrocoagulation. They aim to get rid of papillomas on the neck and other parts of the body. This method allows you to restore the aesthetic appearance in the open area and remove the virus reservoir - the skin neoplasm itself, but they do not completely remove the virus from the body.
Combination therapy	Combines the previous two options and is therefore the most effective.

Treating papilloma with home remedies (celandine juice, for example) is ineffective and often dangerous, however, the prerequisite is to consult a doctor.

Methods of physical destruction

It is possible to reduce the formation effectively using the following physical methods:

Method	Description
Local action with concentrated acid solution	Solution 1. 5% zinc chloropropionate in 50% 2-chloropropionic acid, a combination of nitric, acetic, oxalate, lactic acid and copper nitrate trihydrate, etc. are used. This procedure is performed outpatiently by a specialist (dermatovenerologist, cosmetologist) in compliance with the rules of surgery. . . . The agent is applied spontaneously with the direction of the needle until the color of the formation changes to be lighter (once this occurs, further application should be stopped immediately). For complete healing of papilloma, on average, you need to do 1-2 treatments.
Electrocoagulation	Using a special electric knife, cutting of the formation point is done without affecting the underlying tissue (there is minimal effect on healthy skin cells). The method is easiest when the formation has long stems and small size.
Cryodestruction	Its focus is exposed to liquid nitrogen, ultra low temperatures cause tissue necrosis. It is good to clean up this way of education on a broad basis. The nitrogen action time is chosen by the specialist (1-5 minutes). After moksibusi, burns form, which heal for 10 days.
Laser Removal	The most modern and subtle approach to getting rid of growth in prominent places such as the neck. Have the most positive reviews. With the help of light guides from 5 seconds to 3 minutes in continuous mode, they act on focus. The healing period is much shorter than other methods (5-7 days). This technique is associated with minimal trauma to the surrounding tissue due to the high accuracy of action.
Classic surgical removal (cutting with a scalpel)	Used very rarely, only with large wounds or with suspicion of violence. The reason is that the lesions are often multiple, spread around the neck, and are too small for excision, in addition, after surgery, the scar may remain, which in itself causes cosmetic defects.